Archived announcements
3,083,768
Closed historical job records
Historical jobs
Search closed federal job announcements maintained by FederalHiringData and validated against official USAJOBS evidence before publication.
Archived announcements
3,083,768
Closed historical job records
Archive coverage
Mar 1, 2017
Historical records available through Aug 29, 2026
Occupational series
667
Distinct historical occupation series
Unique duty locations
14,271
Normalized places represented in the public rollup
Latest validated close date
Aug 29, 2026
Future scheduled close dates are not counted as historical
Archive scope
The historical archive is for research, salary comparisons, agency hiring history, occupation trends, and public-interest analysis. These records are not currently open jobs and do not include an apply action.
Source: USAJOBS, U.S. Office of Personnel Management. FederalHiringData maintains the archive and validates records against official USAJOBS evidence before making them public.
A scheduled future close date is not proof that an announcement has closed. Future-close records remain out of the public Historical population until their close date passes or official closure evidence is captured.
Historical search
Use bounded filters for historical research. Search results are paginated and ordered by close date.
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Aug 4, 2021
Compensation
$48,852 - $77,681 - Per Year
Open / close
Jan 19, 2021 to Aug 4, 2021
Series
0457
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States
Control number
589746000
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Aug 4, 2021
Compensation
$39,438 - $77,681 - Per Year
Open / close
Dec 31, 2020 to Aug 4, 2021
Series
0470
Location
Homer, Alaska, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States
Control number
588227300
Compensation
$55,756 - $119,787 - Per Year
Open / close
Jun 10, 2021 to Jul 9, 2021
Series
0180
Location
Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States
Control number
604242500
Compensation
$92,143 - $119,787 - Per Year
Open / close
Jun 10, 2021 to Jul 9, 2021
Series
0180
Location
Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Control number
604242200
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 28, 2021
Compensation
$53,433 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
May 28, 2021 to Jun 28, 2021
Series
0101,0185
Location
Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States
Control number
603130900
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 28, 2021
Compensation
$64,649 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
May 28, 2021 to Jun 28, 2021
Series
0101,0185
Location
Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States
Control number
603130500
Federal Highway Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 24, 2021
Compensation
$103,046 - $133,961 - Per Year
Open / close
Jun 10, 2021 to Jun 24, 2021
Series
2101
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States
Control number
604147200
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 21, 2021
Compensation
$53,433 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
May 20, 2021 to Jun 21, 2021
Series
0101
Location
Henderson, Nevada, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Control number
602212400
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 21, 2021
Compensation
$64,649 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
May 20, 2021 to Jun 21, 2021
Series
0101
Location
Henderson, Nevada, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Control number
602211400
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 11, 2021
Compensation
$53,433 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
May 12, 2021 to Jun 11, 2021
Series
0185
Location
Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States
Control number
601249100
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Jun 11, 2021
Compensation
$64,649 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
May 12, 2021 to Jun 11, 2021
Series
0185
Location
Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States
Control number
601248300
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed May 24, 2021
Compensation
$39,311 - $51,103 - Per Year
Open / close
May 17, 2021 to May 24, 2021
Series
0303
Location
Yuma, Arizona, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Tucson, Arizona, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; San Marcos, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Navajo, New Mexico, United States; Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Mesa, Arizona, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Lake Havasu City, Arizona, United States; Mission Viejo, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States; Culver City, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Bonita, California, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Chinle, Arizona, United States; Gardena, California, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Phoenix, Arizona, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Peoria, Arizona, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Commerce, California, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Prescott, Arizona, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Garden Grove, California, United States; San Luis Obispo, California, United States; Ventura, California, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States; Farmington, New Mexico, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Palmdale, California, United States; San Diego, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Bakersfield, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Hotevilla, Arizona, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Chatsworth, California, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States
Control number
601729800
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed May 21, 2021
Compensation
$77,188 - $141,177 - Per Year
Open / close
May 7, 2021 to May 21, 2021
Series
0610
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States
Control number
600828700
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed May 10, 2021
Compensation
$59,756 - $93,994 - Per Year
Open / close
May 3, 2021 to May 10, 2021
Series
0457
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States
Control number
600302200
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Apr 5, 2021
Compensation
$111,505 - $172,500 - Per Year
Open / close
Mar 19, 2021 to Apr 5, 2021
Series
0610
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States
Control number
595715600
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Apr 5, 2021
Compensation
$108,645 - $243,000 - Per Year
Open / close
Mar 19, 2021 to Apr 5, 2021
Series
0602
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States
Control number
595715400
Veterans Affairs, Inspector General
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Mar 22, 2021
Compensation
$121,769 - $158,297 - Per Year
Open / close
Mar 18, 2021 to Mar 22, 2021
Series
2210
Location
Wasilla, Alaska, United States
Control number
595600300
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Feb 22, 2021
Compensation
$64,649 - $119,787 - Per Year
Open / close
Jan 22, 2021 to Feb 22, 2021
Series
0180
Location
San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Oakland, California, United States
Control number
590099800
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Feb 22, 2021
Compensation
$92,143 - $119,787 - Per Year
Open / close
Jan 22, 2021 to Feb 22, 2021
Series
0180
Location
San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Oakland, California, United States
Control number
590099500
Veterans Health Administration
Historical / Closed Job Announcement - closed Feb 15, 2021
Compensation
$53,433 - $84,049 - Per Year
Open / close
Jan 15, 2021 to Feb 15, 2021
Series
0101
Location
Henderson, Nevada, United States; Portland, Oregon, United States; Las Vegas, Nevada, United States; San Jose, California, United States; Victorville, California, United States; Walla Walla, Washington, United States; Kapolei, Hawaii, United States; Kahului, Hawaii, United States; Hilo, Hawaii, United States; Lacey, Washington, United States; Capitola, California, United States; Rohnert Park, California, United States; Maite, Guam, United States; Corona, California, United States; Yakima, Washington, United States; Concord, California, United States; Everett, Washington, United States; Seattle, Washington, United States; San Francisco, California, United States; Honolulu, Hawaii, United States; Manteca, California, United States; Spokane, Washington, United States; Chico, California, United States; Wasilla, Alaska, United States; Soldotna, Alaska, United States; Eureka, California, United States; Sacramento, California, United States; Menlo Park, California, United States; Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; Citrus Heights, California, United States; San Bernardino, California, United States; Kailua Kona, Hawaii, United States; Bellingham, Washington, United States; Federal Way, Washington, United States; Boise, Idaho, United States; Pago Pago, American Samoa, United States; Oakland, California, United States; Fresno, California, United States; Lihue, Hawaii, United States; Anchorage, Alaska, United States; Temecula, California, United States; Wailuku, Hawaii, United States; Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States; Tacoma, Washington, United States; Salem, Oregon, United States; Grants Pass, Oregon, United States; Bend, Oregon, United States; Eugene, Oregon, United States; Reno, Nevada, United States
Control number
589644900
Federal Hiring Data Weekly
Subscribe to Federal Hiring Data Weekly for federal hiring trends, salary data, agency movements, and original investigations, with email confirmation before delivery.